Unified Functional Testing (UFT) or formerly known as Quick Test Professional (QTP):
1. What is UFT?
Unified Functional Testing (UFT) is a popular software testing tool developed by Micro Focus. It is used for automating functional and regression testing of software applications.
2. What are the different components of UFT?
UFT consists of three main components:
a. UFT IDE (Integrated Development Environment): It provides a user interface for creating, managing, and executing test scripts.
b. UFT Add-ins: These add-ins enable UFT to recognize and interact with various technologies and applications, such as Web, Java, .NET, SAP, etc.
c. UFT Automation Object Model: It provides a set of objects, methods, and properties that allow users to control UFT programmatically.
3. What is the scripting language used in UFT?
UFT uses VBScript (Visual Basic Scripting Edition) as its default scripting language. It is a lightweight scripting language that is easy to learn and integrates well with UFT's features.
4. How do you parameterize values in UFT?
Parameterization in UFT allows you to substitute fixed values with data from external sources during test execution. You can parameterize values using UFT's Data Table, Excel sheets, XML files, databases, or custom scripts.
5. Explain the concept of Object Repository in UFT.
The Object Repository in UFT is a centralized location that stores information about the objects in the application being tested. It contains a collection of object descriptions and their properties, which can be used to identify and interact with those objects during test execution.
6. What are the two types of Object Repositories in UFT?
UFT supports two types of Object Repositories:
a. Local Object Repository: It is specific to a single test and resides within the test script itself.
b. Shared Object Repository: It can be shared across multiple tests and is stored as a separate file. Changes made to a shared repository reflect in all the tests that use it.
7. How do you handle dynamic objects in UFT?
Dynamic objects in UFT are objects that have changing properties or attributes during runtime. To handle such objects, you can use Regular Expressions, Descriptive Programming, or programmatic descriptions using the UFT Automation Object Model.
8. What is the use of Checkpoints in UFT?
Checkpoints in UFT are used to verify the expected behavior of an application during test execution. UFT provides various types of checkpoints, such as Standard Checkpoint, Bitmap Checkpoint, Database Checkpoint, XML Checkpoint, etc., to validate different aspects of the application.
9. Explain the concept of Synchronization in UFT.
Synchronization in UFT ensures that the test script waits for a certain condition to be met before proceeding further. It helps in handling application delays, asynchronous operations, and network latency. UFT provides synchronization points like Wait statements, Sync statements, and Checkpoints to achieve synchronization.
10. What is the use of Recovery Scenarios in UFT?
Recovery Scenarios in UFT are used to handle unexpected events or errors that occur during test execution. They define a set of recovery operations to be performed when a specific error or condition occurs, helping the test to continue execution from a stable state.
11. How do you call an external function or action in UFT?
You can call an external function or action in UFT using the "Call to Existing Action" step. This step allows you to reuse existing functions or actions from external resources by linking them to your test script.
12. What is the use of Regular Expressions in UFT?
Regular Expressions in U
FT are used to define flexible object property values that can match multiple variations of a value. They help in handling dynamic objects or objects with changing attributes by providing a pattern-based search mechanism.
13. What is the significance of the "Debug Viewer" in UFT?
The Debug Viewer in UFT is used to view and analyze the execution flow of a test script during debugging. It displays information about variables, breakpoints, current line of execution, and other debugging-related details, helping testers identify and fix issues in the script.
14. How do you handle exceptions in UFT?
UFT provides error-handling mechanisms like On Error Resume Next, On Error GoTo 0, and Err object to handle exceptions. These mechanisms allow you to catch and handle errors gracefully, preventing the test script from terminating abruptly.
15. What is the use of the "DataTable" object in UFT?
The DataTable object in UFT provides methods and properties to access the test data stored in the associated Data Table or an external Excel sheet. It allows you to read, write, modify, or parameterize data during test execution.
16. Explain the concept of Descriptive Programming in UFT.
Descriptive Programming in UFT is a technique of identifying and interacting with objects without using the Object Repository. Instead of relying on stored object properties, descriptive programming uses programmatic descriptions to identify objects based on their unique properties.
17. How do you perform batch testing in UFT?
Batch testing in UFT allows you to execute multiple tests or test scripts together as a batch. It helps in automating the execution of a large number of tests, saving time and effort. You can create a batch test by combining individual tests using the Test Batch Runner or Automation Object Model.
18. What are the different types of Actions in UFT?
UFT supports three types of Actions:
a. Non-reusable Action: It is an action that can be called only from within the same test and cannot be reused.
b. Reusable Action: It is an independent action that can be called from multiple tests and reused across different test scripts.
c. External Action: It is an action stored in an external resource, such as a function library or an action template, and can be reused in multiple tests.
19. How do you handle dynamic data in UFT?
Dynamic data refers to data that changes dynamically during test execution. To handle dynamic data, you can use parameterization techniques, data-driven testing, or retrieve data from external sources like databases or Excel sheets.
20. Explain the concept of Business Process Testing (BPT) in UFT.
Business Process Testing (BPT) in UFT is a framework that allows testers to modularize and organize their tests based on the business processes they represent. It provides a way to create reusable test components, define test flows, and manage test assets effectively.
21. What are the different types of UFT licenses?
UFT offers different types of licenses, including Node-Locked, Concurrent, and Mobile licenses. Node-Locked licenses are tied to a specific machine, while Concurrent licenses allow a limited number of users to share licenses. Mobile licenses are specifically for testing mobile applications.
22. What is the use of the "Reporter" object in UFT?
The Reporter object in UFT is used to report or log messages during test execution. It provides methods like ReportEvent, ReportPass, ReportFail, etc., to capture and record the execution status, errors, and other relevant information for later analysis.
23. How do you handle multiple browsers in UFT?
UFT allows you to test web applications in multiple browsers using the "Multiple Browser" feature. You can create a test script that runs in multiple browser configurations, such as Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox, etc., by parameterizing the browser settings
.
24. Explain the concept of Smart Identification in UFT.
Smart Identification in UFT is a mechanism used when an object cannot be identified using the regular properties defined in the Object Repository. It uses optional properties and ordinal identifiers to uniquely identify objects and increase automation robustness.
25. What is the use of the "Dictionary Object" in UFT?
The Dictionary object in UFT is used to store and retrieve key-value pairs of data. It provides methods and properties to add, remove, or modify data entries dynamically, making it useful for storing and managing data during runtime.
26. How do you integrate UFT with other testing tools?
UFT can be integrated with other testing tools using its extensibility features and APIs. You can use the UFT Automation Object Model, the UFT API (Application Programming Interface), or third-party integrations to connect UFT with tools like ALM (Application Lifecycle Management), Jenkins, JIRA, etc.
27. What is the use of the "Step Generator" in UFT?
The Step Generator in UFT is used to automatically generate test steps based on user actions performed on the application under test. It helps in quickly creating basic test scripts by recording and converting user interactions into executable test steps.
28. How do you perform database testing in UFT?
UFT provides database-related objects, methods, and properties to perform database testing. You can connect to databases, execute SQL queries, retrieve data, verify data integrity, and perform various database operations using UFT's database testing capabilities.
29. Explain the concept of Virtual Objects in UFT.
Virtual Objects in UFT are used to handle objects that are not recognized by UFT's standard add-ins. Virtual objects represent objects in the application that have custom or non-standard properties, enabling testers to interact with them using UFT's methods and properties.
30. What are the different types of UFT Add-ins available?
UFT supports various Add-ins to extend its capabilities for testing different technologies and applications. Some of the popular UFT Add-ins include Web, Java, .NET, SAP, Oracle, Mobile, Flex, Delphi, and Terminal Emulator.
31. How do you handle file operations in UFT?
UFT provides file system-related objects, methods, and properties to handle file operations. You can create, read, write, delete, and manipulate files using UFT's file system functions, allowing you to perform file-related actions during test execution.
32. What is the use of the "Automation Object Model" in UFT?
The Automation Object Model in UFT provides a set of objects, methods, and properties that allow you to control UFT programmatically. It enables you to perform various actions, such as opening a test, running tests, accessing test results, and modifying test objects, using external scripts or programs.
33. How do you perform cross-browser testing in UFT?
Cross-browser testing in UFT can be achieved by creating test scripts that are compatible with multiple browsers. You can parameterize the browser settings, use conditional statements, or leverage UFT's Multiple Browser feature to execute tests across different browser configurations.
34. Explain the concept of Object Spy in UFT.
The Object Spy in UFT is a utility that allows you to view and retrieve the properties and methods of objects in the application being tested. It helps in identifying the object hierarchy, properties, and their values, which can be useful in scripting and debugging test scripts.
35. How do you handle pop-up windows or dialog boxes in UFT?
To handle pop-up windows or dialog boxes in UFT, you can use methods like SetTOProperty, ChildObjects, or the GetROProperty method to identify and interact with the pop-up objects. You can also use descriptive programming or object recognition configurations to handle pop-ups
.
36. What is the use of the "Recovery Scenario Manager" in UFT?
The Recovery Scenario Manager in UFT is used to define and manage recovery scenarios. It allows you to create, modify, or delete recovery scenarios that specify how UFT should handle specific errors or exceptions encountered during test execution.
37. How do you handle dynamic web elements in UFT?
Dynamic web elements in UFT are elements that change their properties or attributes during runtime. To handle such elements, you can use dynamic object identification techniques, XPath, CSS selectors, regular expressions, or modify the object properties using UFT's methods and properties.
38. Explain the concept of the "Page Object Model" in UFT.
The Page Object Model (POM) is a design pattern used in UFT for structuring and organizing test scripts. It involves creating separate classes or modules representing each page or component of the application under test, which helps in better code reusability, maintainability, and test management.
39. What is the use of the "Environment Variable" in UFT?
Environment variables in UFT are used to store and retrieve dynamic values or system information during test execution. They can be set or accessed programmatically using UFT's built-in methods and properties, allowing you to use them as parameters or placeholders in your test scripts.
40. How do you handle data-driven testing in UFT?
UFT provides various mechanisms for data-driven testing, such as using the Data Table, external data sources (Excel sheets, XML files, databases), or scripting methods. You can parameterize test inputs, iterate through data sets, and perform validations using UFT's data-driven capabilities.
41. Explain the concept of the "UFT Test Object Model" (TOM).
The UFT Test Object Model (TOM) is an object-oriented representation of the objects and controls in the application under test. It provides a structured hierarchy of test objects and their properties, allowing testers to access and manipulate objects programmatically using TOM's methods and properties.
42. What is the use of the "Local System Monitor" in UFT?
The Local System Monitor in UFT is used to measure and analyze system performance during test execution. It captures and records system-related metrics, such as CPU usage, memory consumption, network utilization, etc., which can be helpful in identifying system bottlenecks or performance issues.
43. How do you perform image-based testing in UFT?
UFT provides image-based testing capabilities using the "Image Checkpoint" and "Image-based Automation" features. You can capture and compare images, validate image properties, perform OCR (Optical Character Recognition), and interact with image-based elements using UFT's image-based testing functionality.
44. Explain the concept of the "UFT REST API."
The UFT REST API allows you to integrate UFT with external systems or tools using RESTful web services. It provides a set of endpoints and methods to perform various UFT operations, such as running tests, retrieving results, managing test assets, and interacting with test objects programmatically.
45. What is the use of the "UFT Mobile Add-in"?
The UFT Mobile Add-in enables you to test mobile applications using UFT. It provides specialized methods, properties, and object identification techniques to interact with mobile device features, simulate gestures, capture mobile-specific events, and perform mobile test automation.
46. How do you perform data comparison in UFT?
UFT provides various methods and properties to perform data comparison during test execution. You can use logical operators, conditional statements, built-in comparison functions, or custom validation methods to compare data values, check expected results, and validate the application's behavior.
47. What is the use of the "Resource" object in UFT?
The Resource object in UFT is
used to manage external resources or components, such as function libraries, recovery scenarios, shared object repositories, environment variables, and data tables. It allows you to add, modify, remove, or organize these resources within UFT for efficient test management.
48. How do you handle synchronization issues in UFT?
To handle synchronization issues in UFT, you can use various synchronization techniques like explicit waits, implicit waits, synchronization points, checkpoints, or custom synchronization functions. These techniques help in ensuring that the test script waits for specific conditions before proceeding further.
49. Explain the concept of the "Virtual Table Server" in UFT.
The Virtual Table Server in UFT is used to handle large data sets during data-driven testing. It allows you to store test data in virtual tables, query data based on specific criteria, and access the data dynamically during test execution, optimizing memory usage and improving performance.
50. What are the best practices for UFT test scripting?
Some best practices for UFT test scripting include:
a. Using meaningful object names and descriptions in the Object Repository.
b. Keeping test scripts modular, reusable, and maintainable.
c. Implementing proper error handling and reporting mechanisms.
d. Using descriptive programming when necessary for dynamic objects.
e. Regularly reviewing and refactoring test scripts for optimization.
f. Utilizing version control and collaboration tools for test script management.
g. Implementing a consistent naming convention and coding style for better readability.
h. Performing regular code reviews and maintaining documentation for easier test script maintenance.
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